What makes thymine

Mutations in the DNA often involve two adjacent thymines. In the presence of UV light, thymine dimers form. This causes kinks in the DNA molecule. As a result, the normal function of the affected DNA may be hindered. When mutation occurs, repair mechanisms rectify the DNA sequence. One of the ways to correct a mutation involving only a single strand of the DNA is base excision repair.

This repair mechanism works by removing the damaged region and then replacing it using the other strand i. Thymine is one of the five primary or canonical nucleobases; the others are cytosine, uracil, guanine, and adenine. They are the fundamental nucleobases that make up the genetic code. Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA molecules contain the genetic code for a particular protein based on the sequence of nucleobases.

Nucleic acids hold an important role in cellular functions, heredity, and survival of an organism. The isolation and naming of the five nucleobases, including cytosine, is attributed to Albrecht Kossel a German biochemist. From to he and his students discovered them through chemical analyses of the nucleic acids. DNA is a double helix structure comprised of nucleotides. A nucleotide, in turn, is made up of phosphate molecule, deoxyribose, and a nitrogenous base. Read More. The body is comprised of different elements with hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen as the major four.

This tutorial will help you understand the chemical composition of the body. This will come in handy when considering the various interactions between cells and structures. Part of the genetic information is devoted to the synthesis of proteins. Read this tutorial for further details Genes are expressed through the process of protein synthesis.

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Clinical Trials. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research. Bioinformatics, Big Data, and Cancer. Annual Report to the Nation. Research Advances by Cancer Type. Stories of Discovery. Reference Terms. Ribonucleic acid or RNA is a nucleic acid polymer consisting of nucleotide monomers that plays several important roles in the processes that translate genetic information from deoxyribonucleic acid DNA into protein products; RNA acts as a messenger between DNA and the protein synthesis complexes known as ribosomes, forms vital portions of ribosomes, and acts as an essential carrier molecule for amino acids to be used in protein synthesis.

This base is also a pyrimidine and is very similar to thymine. Related Stories. But the pathogens that cause disease are increasingly developing resistance to the ZCCHC4 influences cell Although, other nucleic acid-like polymers are known, yet much remains unknown regarding possible RNA, or ribonucleic acid, is a molecule that plays a central role in the function of The modification is apparently attached to molecules only when cells are under stress, and is rapidly removed Using a novel technique, researchers have been able