How do acids and bases differ

At the same time, base has a chemical formula OH at the end of it. Litmus Paper. Acid turns blue litmus paper into red. Base turns red litmus paper into blue. Acid mainly depends on the concentration of the hydronium ions. Similarly happens in a base. Acid can be in the form of solid, liquid or gas form depending on the temperature. Bases have a bitter taste having a bit slippery and solid appearance except ammonia which is present in the gaseous state.

Base release hydroxide ions OH- when dissolved in water. Examples of acids are acetic acid, sulphuric acid, etc. Examples of bases are sodium hydroxide, ammonia, etc. Basis Acid Base 1. Bronstead Lowry Definition An acid is a proton donor. PH Value pH values of acid are less than 7. Phenolphthalein Acid remains colourless when dissolved.

Litmus Paper Acid turns blue litmus paper into red. Strength Acid mainly depends on the concentration of the hydronium ions. Characteristics Acid can be in the form of solid, liquid or gas form depending on the temperature. Bases have a bitter taste having a bit slippery and solid appearance except ammonia which is present in the gaseous state The conjugate acid formed in the reaction is the ammonium ion, and the conjugate base formed is hydroxide.

Part 2 of 2 — YouTube : This lesson continues to describe acids and bases according to their definition. Under standard conditions, water will self-ionize to a very small extent. The self-ionization of water refers to the reaction in which a water molecule donates one of its protons to a neighboring water molecule, either in pure water or in aqueous solution. The reaction can be written as follows:.

Autoprotolysis of water : The self-ionization of water produces hydronium and hydroxide ions in solution. Like all equilibrium reactions, this reaction has an equilibrium constant. Because this is a special equilibrium constant, specific to the self-ionization of water, it is denoted K W ; it has a value of 1.

If we write out the actual equilibrium expression for K W , we get the following:. Here we have the reason why neutral water has a pH of 7. This relationship always holds true for any aqueous solution, regardless of its level of acidity or alkalinity. Utilizing this equation is a convenient way to quickly determine pOH from pH and vice versa, as well as to determine hydroxide concentration given hydrogen concentration, or vice versa.

Self-ionization of Water : Explanation of self-ionization of water and the formation of hydronium and hydroxide ions. The acid dissociation constant K a is the measure of the strength of an acid in solution. The acid dissociation constant K a is a quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution. K a is the equilibrium constant for the following dissociation reaction of an acid in aqueous solution:. The K a expression is as follows:.

Acid dissociation constants are most often associated with weak acids, or acids that do not completely dissociate in solution. This is because strong acids are presumed to ionize completely in solution and therefore their K a values are exceedingly large.

Due to the many orders of magnitude spanned by K a values, a logarithmic measure of the acid dissociation constant is more commonly used in practice. The logarithmic constant pK a is equal to -log 10 K a. The larger the value of pK a , the smaller the extent of dissociation. A weak acid has a pK a value in the approximate range of -2 to 12 in water. Acids with a pK a value of less than about -2 are said to be strong acids.

A strong acid is almost completely dissociated in aqueous solution; it is dissociated to the extent that the concentration of the undissociated acid becomes undetectable. Acetic acid dissociation : The acetic acid partially and reversibly dissociates into acetate and hydrogen ions. What is the pK a for acetic acid? This reaction has a special equilibrium constant denoted K W , and it can be written as follows:. Here we have the reason that neutral water has a pH of 7.

This relationship will always apply to aqueous solutions. Reaction with metal Acids react with metals to give H 2 gas. Comprehensive Chemistry, Part 2. Sixth Edition. Heritage Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Keep it up. For example, HCl Hydrochloric Acid. Examples Acetic acid i. Bases change litmus paper blue. Properties of acids vs bases Bases have a slippery feel on fingers and taste bitter.

Litmus Test and Other Reactions Litmus paper is made from dyes derived from lichens; it is water-soluble, meaning it can be fully dissolved in water. Differences in Applications for acids and bases Acids are often used to remove rust from metals, as an electrolyte in batteries, for mineral processing, to produce fertilizers and gasoline and as additives in food and beverages. References Wikipedia: Acid Wikipedia: Base chemistry.

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